The South Australian Museum records:
Ngarabal (NSW)
Location West of a line from near Tenterfield to Glen Innes; on Beardy River. Closely related to the Jukambal of which they may be a western series of hordes. Both MacPherson and Radcliffe-Brown accept the Ngarabal as a separate tribe.
Co-ordinates 151°35'E x 29°30'S. Area 1,000 sq. m. (2,600 sq. km)
References: Gardner, 1854 MS; MacPherson, 1902, 1904, 1939; Radcliffe-Brown, 1930; Tindale, 1940; R. B. Walker, 1964 MS. Alternative Names Ngarabul, Ngarrabul, Narbul, Marbul (presumed to be mishearing or typographical error).
The Museum notes: this information is reproduced from NB Tindale's Aboriginal Tribes of Australia (1974). Please be aware that much of the data relating to Aboriginal language group distribution and definition has undergone revision since 1974. Please note also that this catalogue represents Tindale's attempt to depict Aboriginal tribal distribution at the time of European contact.
Comment
For a map see New England's Aboriginal Languages. Other spellings of the name include Ngoorabul, Ngarabul, and Ngoorabal.
The Jukambal appear to be a sub-group of the Bundjalung. Based on literary references, AusAnthrop records them as around Beardy River; Bolivia; Drake; Glen Innes; Severn River; Stonehenge; Tenterfield; Wallangara.
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9 comments:
Hi Jim...I was reading an old newspaper article from the Clarence that spoke about Aboriginal King Tommy of Carr's Creek being the last of the Ngarabal tribe before moving to the Clarence area. The area spoken about in the article was between Glen Elgin and Deepwater in the New England area. I then refer to another article from Norman Crawford from Tenterfield Star in the 1940s whereby an english lad at Deepwater Station, stood up for an aboriginal boy (the king's son) and was rewarded with the King's daughter. This was probably a long way around to ask my question however are you aware of any Ngarabal Kings around the 1840s to 1860s? From my research I know that Irby's Bolivia Station and Windeyer's Deepwater Station shared common boundaries. Diary entries from both these stations indicate there were Bolivia Blacks and also Windeyer Blacks. I am not sure if this reference to the blacks is due to the blacks working on these stations or tribes living close to the stations. I am using the word "Blacks" as this is how they are described.I have the uttermost respect for Ngarabal culture. Shane
Researching history of Ngarabul mob. Ref Catherine Jane Marno who married William Wallace. Was she daughter of John Windeyer?
From my understanding she is. John Windeyer aka Edward Marno was a convict sent from Ireland and that he stood up for an Aboriginal boy who helped with sheep shearing and then was denied a spot near the fire to dry off after washing in the creek. John fought the men in the boys defense and then was offered the boys sister in repayment. Catherine had a child to Samuel John Marshall before she married William Wallace, also named Samuel John Wallace, and I am a descendant.
I meant Samuel John Marshall
I, too am a decendant of Samuel John Marshall. He was my great-grandfather.
About Edward Marno
Edward Marno is the head of our family tree, along with an aboriginal woman named Julia. This is a brief history of Edward and Julia as we know it. We can only go back as far as 1836, when in Ireland; Edward was well on his way of becoming a common criminal. He was in trouble with the law on 3 other occasions prior to his last conviction on 5th April 1837. Edward was caught in possession of stolen goods and sentenced to transportation to Australia and to serve 7 years in a penal colony, with no possibility of returning to his mother land. We will add at this point, all his records in Ireland state his surname was Marlow, born 1819 in Antrim Belfast Northern Ireland. Edward was 18 years old at the time of his last conviction. Edward arrived in Sydney Harbour aboard the ship Calcutta on 4th August 1837, but the ship was not docked till the 9th August, until cleared of disease. He was sent to work with the Town Surveyors Department immediately which we believe was building roads for the new colony.
Marno was then sent to Maitland jail with many other convicts to work the land for the privileged settlers of the time. He was released from the jail on numerous occasions into the care of the W.H Windeyer, whose family who owned Kinross Station. On the last occasion we see Edward assigned to the care of W. H Windeyer in 1842, we also noted an alias of Munro on his record. By this time Mr Collins (Mr Windeyer’s overseer) had already found lands North West of Newcastle called New England and settled on 60,000 acres which was then called Deep Water. The name derived from throwing rocks in the water and found very deep water holes in areas. Marno made his way up to Deepwater Station, and we believe he helped other convicts assigned to the Windeyer’s to open up the country for farming. Edward described where they first settled near Tenterfield, and then moved down south and took up the land now known as Deepwater Station, halfway between Tenterfield and Glen Innes. Marno was given his Ticket of Freedom on 24 July 1845. On his certificate it describes Edward as being 5’ ¾ inches (154 cm), complexion Ruddy, Hair Brown, eyes Brown, scar over left eyebrow, mark of a burn, mole and scar on left side of the neck, woman with a glass on hand (tattoo), inside lower right arm a sun, E M (tattoo) inside lower left arm, scar back of left hand near the wrist, another inside third finger of same and mark of a burn above left knee. Although Edward was still a convict until his ticket of freedom, his name only appeared on the Ledgers of the station from November 1846, where he was engaged to work for 12 shillings a week plus rations. We believe that certain diaries are missing due to the conflicts with aboriginals in the time prior to 1845 and were incriminating against the settlers of the time. As Edward worked on the station, the workers were washing the sheep prior to shearing. On this particular day, the men would pull the sheep into a water hole and the men would jump in as well to wash the sheep. A young aboriginal boy stood there watching the men, and then he jumped in and started helping the workers. A fire would always be going so the men could dry off and stay warm. The young aboriginal boy walked over to get warm when one of the white men said he wasn’t allowed. Edward stated, “If it was good enough to let him help wash the sheep, its good enough to allow him to warm himself”. Hot words led to blows, and in the resulting fight Edward came off victor. The young aboriginal fellow was so grateful to Edward, that shortly afterwards he brought along his sister, and offered her to him as his wife. Edward accepted her as his wife, as there were not many white women in the New England region at that time. This also confirms that Julia was an Ngoorabul woman, from the Deepwater/Bolivia region of the Ngoorabul nation.
So, the story goes, that is where Edward met Julia (as we know her) the chiefs daughter, as told in a newspaper article later in his life. Being that the first child John was born about 1852, we take it, this happened just prior to this date. We have been told there were no huts for married couples or families on the station itself. So we presume Edward and Julia lived in make shift huts or gunya’s just on the borders of the boundary fences where they worked at the time and closer to 10 Mile out station at Deepwater in years to follow as he was receiving rations for a family in those years. Edward became a squatter himself in 1862. Edward left his wife and 5 kids at the Deepwater Station in July 1862 and returned in September and took the family with him. Edward acquired a small block of land in the township of Deepwater, and worked for himself or someone else until July 1871, when he is back working at Deepwater Station. As we have seen in the station diaries, Edward he had 5 children by 1862. The children were in the following order going by Death certificate details,
John Marno born about 1852 died 1918, Archie Marno born about 1854 died 1934, Catherine Marno born about 1855 died 1914, Susan Marno born about 1858 died 1923 Edward Marno junior born about 1859 death unknown
John Marno married Lucy Frazer/Wright and had the following children: Charlotte Marlow 1891 died 1892, John Marlo born 1887 died 1927 Francis Marlow birth unknown died 1958.
Archie Marno never married, no children as per his own words on his hospital records.
Catherine Marno married William Wallace 1874 and had the following children: Ellen Wallace born 1875 died 1924 William Wallace born 1876 died 1941 Catherine Wallace born 1879 died 1933 Mary Wallace born 1880 died 1929 John Wallace born 1882 died 1951 Annie Wallace born 1884 died 1959 Margaret Wallace born 1885 died 1887 James Wallace born 1887 died 1958 Sarah Wallace born 1889 died 1963 Rose Wallace born 1890 died 1890 Emily Wallace born 1891 died 1900 Catherine had a child, Samuel John Marshall born 1873 out of wedlock, and was raised by William and Catherine as their own. He died 1898 falling from a horse.
Susan Marno married Geoffrey Connors and had the following children: George Jeffrey Connors born 1881 Jack Connors born 1882 Sarah Connors born 1884 Susan Connors born 1886 Edward Connors born 1887 died 1892 Archie Connors born 1888 Charlie Connors born 1891 Lucy Connors born 1893 Amy Connors born 1894 Donald Connors born 1894 Nancy Connors born 1898 Frank Connors born 1901
Edward Marno Junior never married as far as we know.
As the years passed, Edward Marno was still employed at Deepwater Station, and stayed at the 10 Mile outstation. Two (2) of his sons also started work on the station, John and Edward Jnr in there early years, but then made the own luck going out by themselves. John in particular worked for the Campbell Brothers who owned Byron Station, Inverell Station, Strathbogie Station, just to name a few. John died at Emmaville. Susan Marno, married Geoffrey Connors, lived south east Queensland around Inglewood and Stanthorpe region. In the early 1900's they lived around Strathbogie Station, and Susan was buried at Strathbogie Station. Archie Marno also went out alone and worked on many station on the border region of New South Wales and Queensland. He was sent to the Dunwich Benevolent Asylum at North Stradbroke Island in 1933 by the owners of Glenlyon Station, as he was old and fragile at the time and died 9 months later. Edward Junior worked at a couple of stations, Strathbogie and Ranger Valley, then he ran into trouble with the law for a number of years, then disappeared, never to be seen again after 1911.
Edward Marno senior was last seen on the station diaries in 1892 aged 73 working for 6 shillings a week (station diaries are missing from 1892). As it was a small amount for wages, we take it he was just doing odd jobs. At this time we are unsure where his wife Julia is. The only one to mention Julia on any certificate was Archie on his death certificate. So did Julia die after the kids were capable of taking care of themselves in the early years of the 1870’s? Did Julia go and leave Edward to return to her tribe? We don’t have the answers and no paper records to help us. Edward Marno, we know was alive in 1894 aged 75, as his name appeared on the electoral records living at 10 Mile. The Deepwater Station records from 1892 to 1915 are missing, so we can’t find any details for him. His son in law, William Wallace, we know lived with Marno, as Williams daughter died at 10 Mile station in 1890, and Edward Marno was a witness for the certificate. So we take it they were very close in heart and in living. In the early 1900’s, Edward Marno’s grandchildren started to get married and moved along the rail corridor for work, finally making their way to Coffs Harbour by 1912, and live as a big family unit, along with Catherine and William, but not Edward Marno, no records can be found of him. Did Edward die and the family left the area, or did Edward stay and live the remainder of his life at 10 mile outstation. A man named James Bugg who gave an interview in a column for the local newspaper in 1940, Mr Bugg age was 89 at the time, and stated he knew a man named Marno, who over the years told him many stories about the first settlers and himself. He stated Marno was always being called Marlow, but his name is MARNO. He also stated he was a convict and lived on the station for most of his life for the Windeyer family, and was to be given rations till the day he died. Mr Bugg then stated, Marno lived and died at 10 Mile station. So with the information supplied, we can only say Edward Marno lived and died at 10 Mile Station Deepwater, and Julia is also missing, whereabouts and death unknowns till this day.
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